Chirurgie bariatrique
La chirurgie bariatrique désigne un ensemble de procédures chirurgicales effectuées sur l’estomac ou les intestins afin d’aider les personnes souffrant d’obésité sévère à perdre du poids. Ces interventions agissent en limitant la quantité de nourriture qu’une personne peut consommer, en réduisant l’absorption des nutriments, ou les deux. Il s’agit souvent d’un dernier recours pour les personnes qui n’ont pas réussi à atteindre une perte de poids significative uniquement par le régime alimentaire et l’exercice physique.
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Obesity Surgery
Sleeve Gastrectomy
Sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical procedure that removes a large portion of the stomach, leaving a banana-shaped pouch or "sleeve." This reduces the amount of food you can eat and also lowers the production of the hunger hormone ghrelin, helping to control appetite.
Gastric Bypass
Gastric bypass surgery involves creating a small stomach pouch and then rerouting a section of the small intestine to it. This procedure limits both food intake and the absorption of calories, leading to significant weight loss.
Duodenal Switch
This is a more complex two-part surgery that combines a sleeve gastrectomy with an intestinal bypass. It dramatically reduces the size of the stomach and reroutes a large portion of the small intestine to greatly decrease nutrient absorption.
FAQ for Bariatric Surgery
How does bariatric surgery work to cause weight loss?
Bariatric surgery primarily works through two mechanisms: restriction and malabsorption. Restrictive procedures, like a sleeve gastrectomy, reduce the size of the stomach, limiting the amount of food a person can eat. Malabsorptive procedures, such as a gastric bypass, reroute the digestive system to reduce the absorption of calories and nutrients, which contributes to weight loss. Many procedures combine both mechanisms for a more powerful effect.
Is bariatric surgery a permanent solution for obesity?
Bariatric surgery is not a « cure » but a powerful tool for long-term weight management. It requires a permanent commitment to a healthy lifestyle, including a modified diet and regular physical activity. The surgery helps by resetting the body’s weight regulation system and reducing appetite, but sustained success depends on the patient’s adherence to new habits and a supportive care plan.
What are the common risks and complications of bariatric surgery?
As with any major surgery, bariatric procedures carry risks, including infection, blood clots, and bleeding. Specific to these surgeries, potential complications can include vitamin and mineral deficiencies, malnutrition, and the need for follow-up surgeries. Patients are carefully evaluated before surgery to minimize these risks, and a long-term follow-up plan is crucial for managing potential issues.
